Treatment Guides

Pregnancy & Lupus

Written by · Last updated

Pregnancy and lupus
Share this article

Quick answer. Most women with lupus can have a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby – but lupus pregnancies are higher-risk and need planning and specialist care. Three things matter most: plan ahead and ideally conceive when your lupus is in remission or stable; have a pre-conception review with your rheumatology and obstetric team; and never adjust your medicines yourself – some (like the antimalarial) are usually continued, while certain immunosuppressants must be stopped before conception, all planned by your team. Higher risks include flares, pre-eclampsia, blood clots and early birth, which is why care is shared and monitoring is closer. This is general information, not a diagnosis.

Aching joints, stiffness or an autoimmune diagnosis to make sense of?

Message our care team on WhatsApp. Tell us what’s going on and we’ll help you find the right rheumatologist — free, with no obligation.

Chat with our care team on WhatsApp

Not sure who to see? Find the right specialist →

In a medical emergency, or for severe or sudden symptoms such as breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting or stroke signs, call 995 immediately.

The positive starting point

The reassuring message first: most women with lupus can have a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby. Lupus is not a reason to give up on having children. What it does mean is that pregnancy needs to be approached carefully – as a higher-risk pregnancy that benefits from planning and specialist care. The caveats in this guide sit inside that positive frame, not the other way round. With the right preparation and monitoring, the great majority of lupus pregnancies go well, and the steps below are about stacking the odds in your and your baby’s favour, not about discouraging pregnancy.

Plan ahead and conceive in remission

The most important step is to plan your pregnancy and, ideally, to conceive during a period of remission or stable, low disease activity. Conceiving during an active flare raises the risk to both mother and baby, so timing matters. Have a pre-conception discussion with your rheumatology and obstetric team before you start trying – the NHS advises seeing a doctor before trying to get pregnant if you have lupus. This lets your team assess your disease activity, review your medicines, check relevant antibodies, and plan your care. A planned pregnancy, entered when your lupus is settled, is the single biggest thing you can do for a good outcome.

Medicines and pregnancy

Medicines must be reviewed before and around pregnancy – and never adjusted by yourself. Some lupus medicines are safe and important to continue, notably the antimalarial (hydroxychloroquine), which is usually kept on because it helps keep lupus stable. However, some immunosuppressants must be stopped or switched before conception because they can harm the baby, and because a safe alternative can take time to settle, this has to be planned in advance with your team. Stopping medicines abruptly on your own can trigger a flare, which is itself risky in pregnancy. This guide gives no doses; the balance of medicines is a specialist decision made with you.

Understanding the higher risks

Knowing the higher risks helps you understand why monitoring is closer – these are reasons for care, not likely outcomes. They include lupus flares (including after birth), pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure in pregnancy), blood clots – especially in women who also have antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a related condition that raises the risk of clots, pre-eclampsia and miscarriage – miscarriage, and problems with the baby’s growth or early (premature) birth. Your team monitors for all of these, which is why lupus pregnancies involve more frequent checks of your blood pressure, urine, blood tests and the baby’s growth than a routine pregnancy.

Antibodies and the baby

Some women with lupus carry particular antibodies – anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) – and it is worth knowing your status, because uncommonly these can affect the baby’s heart (a condition called congenital heart block) or cause a temporary neonatal lupus rash. This sounds worrying, but the practical point is reassuring: knowing your antibody status simply lets the team add extra monitoring, including of the baby’s heart during pregnancy. It is a precaution that allows problems to be watched for and managed, not a certainty of harm. Carry your antibody results to appointments so your care can be tailored appropriately.

Shared, closely monitored care

Lupus pregnancies do best with rheumatology and high-risk obstetrics (maternal-fetal medicine) working together, with more frequent monitoring throughout pregnancy and after the birth, since flares can happen postnatally too. In Singapore, adult rheumatology at hospitals such as SGH, NUH, TTSH and Changi General Hospital provides lupus and pre-pregnancy care, while KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH) and NUH run maternal-fetal medicine and high-risk pregnancy services. A GP or polyclinic is a good first contact for blood-pressure checks, folic acid and referral. Planning postnatal follow-up, and discussing breastfeeding and medicine compatibility in advance, rounds out the care.

When to seek urgent help

Certain symptoms in pregnancy need urgent attention. Contact your maternity team urgently for signs of pre-eclampsia – a severe headache that will not go with simple painkillers, vision changes, sudden swelling of the face or hands, or pain below the ribs. Contact your maternity unit the same day, any time, for reduced or changed baby movements. And treat signs of a blood clot – a swollen, painful, warm calf, or breathlessness or chest pain (which can mean a clot on the lung) – as an emergency and call 995. As always, never stop or change lupus medicines yourself; work through every change with your team.

Related lupus topics

Sources

  • NHS – Lupus: nhs.uk
  • NHS – Planning your pregnancy: nhs.uk
  • NHS – Pre-eclampsia: nhs.uk
  • NHS – Antiphospholipid syndrome: nhs.uk
  • NHS – Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): nhs.uk
  • Samaritans of Singapore (SOS) – 1767: sos.org.sg
  • mindline.sg – 1771: mindline.sg
General information only. This guide supports, but does not replace, advice from your own doctor and lupus care team. Lupus can affect internal organs, so do not assume every new symptom is your lupus – see a doctor if you develop new or different symptoms, and treat any SUDDEN severe symptom – such as chest pain, breathlessness, a severe headache, or face or arm weakness or trouble speaking – as an emergency and call 995. Because kidney involvement can be silent, do not skip your monitoring appointments and blood or urine tests. On immune-suppressing treatment, infections can be more serious, so seek care for a fever. Never start, stop or change any lupus medicine without medical advice – some must be continued and others need to be tapered or planned around pregnancy. If you are struggling emotionally, the Samaritans of Singapore (SOS) are on 1767 and mindline.sg on 1771.

Frequently asked questions

Can I have a baby if I have lupus?

Yes - many women with lupus have healthy pregnancies. The key is to plan ahead: aim to conceive when your lupus is stable or in remission, and have your medicines reviewed by your rheumatology and obstetric team first. It is a higher-risk pregnancy that does well with planning and specialist care.

Do I have to stop my lupus medicines to get pregnant?

Not all of them - and you should never change them on your own. Some (like the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine) are usually continued because they help keep lupus stable, while certain others need to be switched or stopped before conception. Your team plans this with you in advance.

What is the antibody test my doctor mentioned (anti-Ro)?

Some women with lupus carry anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) antibodies, which can uncommonly affect the baby's heart. Knowing your status lets the team add extra monitoring, including of the baby's heart, during pregnancy - it is a precaution, not a certainty of problems.

Why do I need to see two teams?

Lupus pregnancies do best with rheumatology and high-risk obstetrics (maternal-fetal medicine) working together, with more frequent checks of your lupus, blood pressure and the baby's growth. In Singapore this is offered through hospitals such as KKH and NUH.