Quick answer. A bone density test, usually a DEXA scan, measures how strong your bones are to screen for osteoporosis and assess fracture risk. It is a quick, low-radiation scan recommended mainly for postmenopausal women, people aged 65 and over, and others at higher risk of weak bones.
A bone density test – most commonly a DEXA scan (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) – measures how dense and strong your bones are. In Singapore it is the standard way to screen for osteoporosis, a condition where bones become fragile and break more easily, often without warning until a fracture happens.
The scan is quick, painless and uses only a very small dose of radiation. This guide explains what the test is, who should have one, how a T-score is interpreted, the typical market cost range, and when to see a doctor about your bone health.
At a glance
| T-score range | Category | What it suggests |
|---|---|---|
| -1.0 and above | Normal | Healthy bone density |
| -1.0 to -2.5 | Osteopenia | Lower than normal bone density |
| -2.5 and below | Osteoporosis | Significantly reduced; higher fracture risk |
| -2.5 or below with a fracture | Severe osteoporosis | High fracture risk; treatment usually advised |
| Result with risk factors | Individual assessment | Doctor combines score with your overall risk |
What is a bone density test (DEXA)?
A bone density test measures the amount of mineral in your bones, which reflects how strong they are. The most common method is a DEXA scan, which uses two low-dose X-ray beams, usually focused on the hip and lower spine, to calculate bone density.
The result is most often reported as a T-score, which compares your bone density to that of a healthy young adult. It is the main tool used to diagnose osteoporosis and to estimate your risk of a future fracture.
Who should have a bone density test?
A bone density test is generally recommended for people at higher risk of weak bones, including:
- Postmenopausal women, as bone loss speeds up after menopause
- Adults aged 65 and over
- People who have had a fracture from a minor fall or injury
- Those on long-term steroids or with conditions that weaken bone
- People with a strong family history of osteoporosis or hip fracture
Your doctor will advise whether and when you should be screened, based on your age, sex and risk factors.
How to prepare and what to expect
A DEXA scan needs little preparation. Avoid taking calcium supplements for a day or so before if advised, and tell staff if you have recently had a scan using contrast dye, as it can affect results. You should not have a DEXA if you are or might be pregnant.
During the scan you lie on a padded table while a scanning arm passes over your hip and spine. It is painless, you stay clothed (though you remove metal objects), and it usually takes only around 10 to 20 minutes. The radiation dose is very low.
Understanding your T-score result
The DEXA result is usually given as a T-score. As a general guide, a score of -1.0 or above is normal, between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates osteopenia (lower than normal density), and -2.5 or below indicates osteoporosis. A low score with a previous fragility fracture suggests severe osteoporosis.
Your doctor interprets the number alongside your overall fracture risk, age and other factors rather than in isolation. The result guides whether you need lifestyle measures, calcium and vitamin D, medication, or simply monitoring.
Typical cost of a DEXA scan in Singapore
As a broad market guide only, a DEXA bone density scan in the private sector commonly falls within a range from around a hundred to a few hundred dollars, depending on the provider and whether it is part of a wider assessment. Public healthcare settings may charge less for subsidised patients.
These are general market ranges, not quotes. Confirm the current price directly with the clinic or hospital and ask whether any subsidies apply. The Health Promotion Board’s Screen for Life programme focuses on certain national screenings, so check separately whether bone density screening is included in any package you are considering.
When to see a doctor and which specialist
See a doctor about your bone health if you are postmenopausal, aged 65 or over, have broken a bone after a minor fall, lost height, developed a stooped posture, or take long-term steroids. Your GP can assess your risk and arrange a DEXA scan or referral.
Osteoporosis and bone metabolism are often managed by an endocrinologist; orthopaedic and other specialists may also be involved, especially after a fracture. You can find a specialist through our directory of best endocrinologists in Singapore.
Call 995 or go to A&E if you have a suspected fracture after a fall – for example sudden severe pain, deformity, or inability to bear weight or move a limb – as this needs urgent assessment.
After your scan and protecting your bones
You can return to normal activities immediately after a DEXA scan. The report goes to your doctor, who explains your T-score in the context of your age, sex and other fracture risks, and recommends a plan. Whatever your result, the everyday measures that protect bone are worth building into daily life: weight-bearing and resistance exercise, enough calcium and vitamin D (from a sensible amount of sunlight and a balanced diet), stopping smoking, and limiting alcohol. Reducing trip hazards at home and keeping good muscle strength and balance also lower the chance of a fall.
MediSave and subsidies
A bone density scan that is medically indicated and ordered by a registered doctor may be claimable from MediSave as a diagnostic scan, subject to annual limits and conditions; scans done purely as part of a general health screen are treated differently. Subsidised rates apply for eligible patients in public healthcare settings. Because the rules and amounts change, confirm what you can claim with the clinic or hospital, your insurer and the prevailing MediSave guidelines before booking.
Common questions
How often should the scan be repeated?
This depends on your result and risk. Some people are rescanned after a couple of years to track changes or check how treatment is working; your doctor will advise the right interval for you.
Does a DEXA scan hurt?
No. It is painless, you stay clothed, and you simply lie still while the scanning arm passes over you. The radiation dose is very low.
Related guides
- Best Endocrinology & Diabetes Clinics in Singapore — our editorial shortlist
- endocrinology & diabetes clinics directory
- Cardiology
- Imaging
- Imaging
- Imaging
- Paediatrics
Sources
- NHS – Bone density scan (DEXA scan)
- Mayo Clinic – Bone density test
- HealthHub Singapore – Osteoporosis
- MOH Singapore – Screen for Life
Part of our General health & screening guides · Browse all health topics